Japan's experience with depopulation and aging provides limited lessons for other countries because: (1) Japan is post-nuclear (occupied by U.S. after WWII), (2) Japan has a security guarantee from the U.S., and (3) Japan was not dependent on globalization for survival. A depopulating China, by contrast, is security-vulnerable, globally dependent, and currently declining. Therefore, depopulation in China will produce different (worse) outcomes than in Japan.