The transportation revolution (containerization, massive tankers, maritime infrastructure) has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, with acceleration particularly evident after the Cold War's end (the growth line 'starts going vertical'). However, the problem for Putin is that this growth is concentrated in countries 'vested in the rules-based maritime order,' not countries vested in extortion, meaning that rejecting maritime order rules makes a nation uncompetitive in accumulating wealth and power