The industrial revolution was 'horrific for traditional societies' because countries that had secure territorial strategies suddenly found them obsolete; countries across the world 'still haven't gotten over' this transformation, exemplified by ISIS's revulsion at the modern order; 19th century China was 'appalled by this incoming maritime event' and 'remains profoundly ambivalent about international law and institutions' as a result of the trauma of colonial imposition and loss of territorial security