The Europe-China manufacturing relationship has reversed into a mirror image: where in the 1990s-2000s Western firms like Volkswagen and BMW did tech transfers and joint ventures inside China, now Chinese firms like CATL are building plants in Europe (e.g. Spain).
factualpending
Speaker
Alice HanEvidence Quote
“Now we're seeing the flip side which is you know CL the Chinese battery giant setting up lots of plants in in Spain. [13:35]”
Source
How Much BIGGER Can China’s Trade Surplus Get? | China Decode— The Prof G Pod – Scott GallowayCreated: 6/18/2026, 1:57:55 PM
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