The CBO constructs 10-year budget projections through a systematic process starting with demographic projections (fertility, mortality, immigration), followed by economic forecasts, then line-by-line spending projections for each federal program, revenue projections, and finally net interest outlays based on spending, revenues, and interest rates.

definitionpending

Speaker

Philip Swagel

Evidence Quote

we start with the de demographic projections so we look at you know fertility mortality immigration in both directions um and so that's demographics then we look at uh the economics we do an economic forecast then we look at both spending and revenues we do a projection of revenues we do line by line um on the spending side

Source

CBO Director: What Happens When Debt Hits 122% Of GDP | Phillip SwagelDavid Lin
Created: 8/12/2026, 6:26:40 PM

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