Economic models are not immutable natural laws like gravity but descriptions of human behavior embedded in a specific, rare, one-time historical context; most modern economics emerged in the last 50-150 years during a unique period of fossil fuels, colonization, rising populations, and expanding ecological impact, so its 'laws' (infinite growth, rational behavior, perfect substitution) are context-dependent assumptions built on an unrepresentative sample of abundance, not timeless truths.