Breakthroughs do come from people outside academia, but most often these are people on academia's margins (who got or partially got a PhD then left), as with Yitang Zhang who proved infinitely many prime pairs at most 70 million apart while working odd jobs including making sandwiches; by contrast, untrained autodidacts who claim to have solved P vs NP usually simply don't understand the question.

factualpending

Speaker

Scott Aaronson

Evidence Quote

very often what you find is that these are people who were sort of on the margin of academia like they got a phd and then they left

Source

Scott Aaronson - Quantum Computing, Complexity, and CreativityDwarkesh Patel
Created: 6/13/2026, 7:00:25 PM

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