Reasoning ability is culturally endowed by education

Many capacities we treat as innately human—reading instincts (Stroop effect), hypothetical 'if-P-then-Q' reasoning, IQ test performance—are in fact endowed by accumulated cultural knowledge and formal education; Luria's Uzbekistan studies showed unschooled people refused to reason from hypothetical premises while schooled people did, demonstrating that abstract reasoning is a culturally transmitted ability rather than a raw biological given.