Congestion pricing (like New York's 14th Street restrictions) is an inferior solution to congestion relative to increasing street throughput capacity, because it restricts access rather than solving the underlying scarcity.

Humans are a collection of approximately 40 trillion human cells plus 100 trillion bacterial cells, fungi, and viruses, with complex interactions that are poorly understood but significantly impact health outcomes.

Enhanced Geothermal Systems will be deployed before 2030 once two technical challenges are solved: (1) drilling in high-temperature environments where metal becomes soft and cannot cut hard rock, and (2) high-temperature rock fracking, both of which are well-advanced.

In 40 years of venture capital, Kosla refused to call himself an investor because he doesn't like investors very much, preferring to identify as an entrepreneur and company builder.

Commonwealth Fusion, public transit AI, and a third major energy initiative (fusion and geothermal) were all funded around 2018, the same year as OpenAI investment, demonstrating Kosla's simultaneous multi-domain conviction in transformative technologies.

The fusion industry faced investor skepticism as recently as 2018, with investors claiming fusion was a 50-year problem, and the Department of Energy was unwilling to discuss fusion as an energy solution despite Kosla's advocacy.

There are now 40 VC-funded fusion companies as of the interview, a shift from pre-2018 when fusion received no VC funding, demonstrating a complete reversal in investor sentiment toward fusion within ~5 years.