Land-use change avoidance receives a red rating from Systemiq and requires strong regulation from central governments; the voluntary carbon market (VCM) has expanded five-fold and now includes nature-based carbon credits (NBCs) that fund rewilding and reforestation, but this system is deeply flawed with poor regulatory enforcement, inconsistent credit quality, and projects that pay for outcomes that would have happened anyway or fund initiatives that don't persist (e.g., tree planting in unsuitable environments that die within months).