The deeper the engagement and presence of each country in the other's society, the deeper the suspicions and the greater the frictions that emerged—a counterintuitive finding that contradicts the liberal assumption underlying engagement that deeper interaction would produce stronger cooperation.

causalpending

Speaker

David Shambaugh

Evidence Quote

the deeper the engagement and the presence of each country in the other's society, the other's country, the deeper the suspicions and the greater the frictions that emerged. So this is this is counterintuitive and and an irony real irony because engagement was premised on the liberal assumption that the deeper and broader each side's presence in and interactions with the other the greater the cooperation and the stronger the relationship would be.

Source

Breaking The Engagement: How China Won And Lost America | Hoover InstitutionHoover Institution
Created: 8/11/2026, 7:09:14 AM

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