Governments and structures of authority in China have historically been top-down, whether under Confucianism or communism, unlike the West which cements institutions with written laws and courts that adjudicate disputes.
factualpending
Evidence Quote
“governments and structures of authority in China have always been top down...Confucianism top down, communists top down...the West, which cementss its institutions with laws, you can go open the law book...you go to court, someone adjudicates...you have a succession of appeals courts”
Source
Sarah C.M. Paine: What Is China's Grand Strategy?— Decoding Geopolitics Podcast with Dominik PreslCreated: 8/11/2026, 6:21:25 AM
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