Michael Levin's xenobots (reprogrammed frog skin cells) self-organize when isolated and begin using cilia to swim and search for food, demonstrating agency and goal-directed behavior arising from cellular networks without centralized instruction.

factualpending

Speaker

Dennis Noble

Evidence Quote

They start using their little wavy pilia on the surface of the cell to swim in the environment to see where they can find food. They're already an organism.

Source

Denis Noble: "Neo-Darwinism Is Dead" | We Need A Biology Beyond GenesEssentia Foundation
Created: 8/11/2026, 7:36:31 AM

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