Jeff Kowalski, CTO of Autodesk, described large organizations as having a 'big immune system problem'—when you try anything disruptive in a legacy organization, the antibodies attack you and you get rationales for why things cannot change, with Riaz Shave from Ernst Young compiling 50 such reasons including 'it just can't be done,' 'we don't have the money,' 'nobody else has ever done it before,' 'we've tried this 60 times,' 'beyond my responsibility,' and 'the competition won't enjoy this.'