AI Venture Capitalist: These Tech Predictions Will Change Everything by 2030 w/ Vinod Khosla | #159

Bipedal robots or equivalent form factors will be a larger business than the auto industry within 20 years, and the auto industry doesn't know it

“this business of bipeedal robots or some equivalent like that in various form factors and configurations will be larger than the auto industry within 20 years and the auto industry doesn't know it”

Chat GPT's $20/month subscription model demonstrates consumer willingness to pay for high-value AI services, generating more revenue per user than Google or Facebook, validating a subscription-based AI services business model.

“uh that's not what it was. And so uh making people buy things they don't want to buy or had no intention of buying makes them unhappy. uh that doesn't add to societal good right but information is valuable and frankly uh I think people will pivot into other models i mean chat GPD has been phenomenally successful uh and nobody thought consumers would pay $20 a month I you know look if that was true that's more revenue per user than Google or Facebook”

Fountain Upload provides advanced diagnostics by digitizing approximately 200 gigabytes of health data that AI systems can analyze to detect cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and metabolic disease at inception.

“The first is going every year for a fountain upload. You know, Fountain is one of the most advanced diagnostics and therapeutics companies. I go there, upload myself, digitize myself about 200 gigabytes of data that the AI system is able to look at to catch disease at inception. you know, look for any cardiovascular, any cancer, any neurogenerative disease, any metabolic disease.”

Viome uses metatranscriptomics technology (originally developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory for biodefense) to identify which bacteria produce which proteins, enabling personalized food and supplement recommendations.

“I use a company and a product called Viome and Viome uh has a technology called metatranscrytoics. was actually developed uh in New Mexico, the same place where the nuclear bomb was developed as a biodefense weapon. And their technology is able to help you understand what's going on in your body to understand which bacteria are producing which proteins and as a consequence of that, what foods are your superfoods that are best for you to eat or what foods should you avoid”

One Skin is a topical peptide product (developed by four PhD women) containing a 10 amino acid peptide that eliminates senile cells in skin, helping users maintain a youthful appearance.

“looking good, when you look yourself in the mirror, saying, you know, I feel great about life is so important, right? And so a product I use every day, twice a day, is called One Skin, developed by four incredible PhD women that found this 10 amino acid peptide that's able to zap scenile cells in your skin and really help you stay youthful in your look and appearance.”

Before 2018, venture capital showed almost no appetite for fusion energy funding; Kosla's Commonwealth Fusion investment was considered ridiculous by prominent investors who claimed fusion was '50 years away', yet 40 VC-funded fusion companies now exist.

“So Commonwealth is a fusion company. Last time I looked the node, there were some I mean blows me away. There was something like 40 VC funded fusion companies which I would have never imagined. Yeah. Well, you couldn't imagine it till 2018. Nobody wanted to fund fusion. I won't name the names who said never to me when we funded it. They said, 'Are you rid you're being ridiculous? It's 50 years.'”

ChatGPT's $20/month subscription has achieved higher revenue per user than Google or Facebook, demonstrating willingness to pay and validating a business model that platform companies should have tried earlier

“chat GPD has been phenomenally successful uh and nobody thought consumers would pay $20 a month I you know look if that was true that's more revenue per user than Google or Facebook at uh in fact they should have tried this model earlier”

We are at a transition point where most organizations are severely underutilizing AI capabilities, not having it open in board meetings or executive meetings or directing it toward the same strategic challenges as human teams

“we are at a transition point and I think that's one of the things I I tell people you know you're not using this technology even a fraction of your potential right is it open in every board meeting is it open every every executive meeting are you giving it the same challenges you're giving your team”

Modern advertising, unlike its original purpose, makes people unhappy by inducing them to buy things they don't want, which doesn't add to societal good.

“making people buy things they don't want to buy or had no intention of buying makes them unhappy. uh that doesn't add to societal good right but information is valuable”

Within the next five years, every professional can supervise five AI interns (e.g., an MD supervises five AI interns like Stanford medical school graduates, an accountant supervises five AI intern accountants), with growth in capability happening over 3-10 years depending on category.

“the next five years all of you should be thinking every single professional can can get five AI interns so if you're an MD you can supervise five AI interns just like they graduated out of Stanford medical school if you're an accountant uh You already hire junior accountants fresh out of school. Imagine five AI intern accountants and whether they grow up in 3 years, 5 years or 10 years.”

Congestion pricing (like New York's 14th Street restrictions) is an inferior solution to congestion relative to increasing street throughput capacity, because it restricts access rather than solving the underlying scarcity.

“You know New York has 14th street you can't have public private cars on or constraints isn't the right way to go. Getting 10x more capacity is the right way to go”

Humans are a collection of 40 trillion human cells plus approximately 100 trillion bacterial, fungal, and viral cells, and understanding the microbiome is critical to health but poorly understood.

“we are a collection of 40 trillion human cells and about another 100 trillion bacterial cells fungi vy and we you know don't understand how that impacts us”

The fundamental question for healthcare providers should be: 'If all expertise were free, how would you design a healthcare system?' This reframes healthcare system design around abundance rather than scarcity of professional resources.

“if all expertise were free, how would you design a health care system? And I think that's the right question. That's the right model. That's the right model for if you're a health care provider of any sort.”

The only thing we know about the future is it will be uncertain; we have to figure it out in increments—making unpredictability a fundamental principle that applies even to Kosla's own predictions.

“The only thing we know about the future is it'll be uncertain. We have to figure it out in increments.”

Programming has been the domain with the most AI success alongside written language, and the future programming market will split between professional programmers using AI co-pilots and non-programmers coding directly in English without knowing programming languages.

“probably the single area that's had the most success with the LLMs besides just written word has been programming.”

The fundamental question for healthcare providers should be: if all expertise were free, how would you design a healthcare system? This question should guide policy-level thinking about how to compensate people when farm workers and oncologists have equal AI-equivalent expertise

“the more interesting question that I've asked a number of boards I speak to in the health care business is if all expertise were free, how would you design a health care system? And I think that's the right question.”

Technology is a force that converts whatever was scarce into abundance; there are no resource limitations because constraints are only lack of looking or looking with insufficient tools

“there is no resource constraints. There are no there there are no resource limitations. Technology is a force that converts whatever was scarce into abundance.”

The fusion industry faced investor skepticism as recently as 2018, with investors claiming fusion was a 50-year problem, and the Department of Energy was unwilling to discuss fusion as an energy solution despite Kosla's advocacy.

“Nobody wanted to fund fusion. I won't name the names who said never to me when we funded it. They said, 'Are you rid you're being ridiculous? It's 50 years.' Yeah. It's always been 50 years in weight in in holding. Yeah. And the Department of Energy didn't want to talk about fusion as an energy source when I visited them.”

At the national policy level, if a farm worker and an oncologist have the same expertise level as an AI system, compensation structures based on expertise scarcity become fundamentally problematic.

“at the national policy level, if a farm worker and an oncologist have exactly the same expertise up level to what an AI has, how do you pay people?”

Technology fundamentally converts scarcity into abundance; the belief that resource constraints (minerals, metals, ores) are hard limits is false—it reflects lack of exploration tools, not actual depletion.

“I have been so adamant since uh I wrote abundance with Steven Cutotler about there is no resource constraints. There are no there there are no resource limitations. Technology is a force that converts whatever was scarce into abundance.”

Doctors will play a role in healthcare primarily in providing human connection, no longer in expertise delivery.

“And now it's clear they will play a minor role in healthcare. They will care play a role in certain levels of human connection. That'll be important.”

Future Nobel Prizes in science will possibly be derived from AI-human partnerships, and likely AI alone will derive results, though humans may be limited in recognizing and allowing AI to win Nobel Prizes

“Uh possibly AI alone. Yeah. Uh I think that will happen. Now whether us humans will allow recognize it as such recognize AI as winning capable of winning a Nobel Prize that's a human limitation.”

Driverless personal transit (not shared vehicles) is the right application for autonomous driving, while driverless shared vehicles (like Waymo) increase congestion just as Uber increased congestion

“First, let me start by what it shouldn't be and what the right role for self-driving cars are. If when we added Uber to cities, what happened? Congestion increase. Simulate driverless cars and they'll increase even more. So, we'll have gridlock for the but people won't be driving, which is, you know, driverless cars are cool. I I recommend everybody fly to a site that has driverless cars and try them. They're amazing. Uh, but they increased congestion. So, what should you do? Driverless public transit, that is personal vehicles.”

Street width is the one fundamental constraint limiting cities; increasing street throughput via autonomous transit solves congestion, and combined with longer commute ranges, also helps solve housing shortage by enabling people to live farther away with same commute times

“What is the one thing if you ask basic question that's limited in cities? It's street widths. Only one thing limited. Everything else you can change. And so if you can increase the throughput of city uh streets because you're not going to destroy the buildings on both sides of a street, you you got solved congestion. ... you can solve the housing problem too because you can live further away and have the same 30 minute commute.”

Fusion boilers can repower existing coal and natural gas power plants without 10 years of permitting, grid connection setup, or major infrastructure changes—just retrofitting boilers at existing locations

“they won't build fusion power plants. The fastest way to deploy fusion and I believe one of my forecasts is we will replace every coal and natural gas plant in this country by just repowering the boiler. So we'll have a fusion boiler. Love that vision. By the way, you know the environmentalists who say well we need to shut down all the coal plants. I think we will repower them with fusion boilers and maybe a turbine change and steam conditions. There's lots of technical details, but you don't need 10 years of permitting, 10 years of getting a grid connection, power lines, all that stuff. You just retrofit the same locations.”

Personal autonomous vehicles without drivers (appearing on demand) will be more convenient and faster than chauffeur-driven cars because they eliminate scheduling constraints and don't stop for other passengers

“If when we added Uber to cities, what happened? Congestion increase. Simulate driverless cars and they'll increase even more. So, we'll have gridlock for the but people won't be driving, which is, you know, driverless cars are cool. I I recommend everybody fly to a site that has driverless cars and try them. They're amazing. Uh, but they increased congestion. So, what should you do? Driverless public transit, that is personal vehicles. Should you get off your restaurant job at 1:00 a.m. A car shows up for you. don't need to know when when on the schedule. Why? Because there's no driver. So, your cost is zero to have a car available when you show up, not when the public transit is scheduled. It gets to where you're going independent time of day, traffic lights, doesn't stop anywhere, gets to your destination, and drops you off. And because it's personal, nobody gets picked up or dropped off along the way. So, it will always be faster than a chauffeur driven car.”

There are now 40 VC-funded fusion companies as of the interview, a shift from pre-2018 when fusion received no VC funding, demonstrating a complete reversal in investor sentiment toward fusion within ~5 years.

“So Commonwealth is a fusion company. Last time I looked the node, there were some I mean blows me away. There was something like 40 VC funded fusion companies which I would have never imagined. Yeah. Well, you couldn't imagine it till 2018. Nobody wanted to fund fusion.”

Rather than building dedicated new fusion power plants, the fastest deployment path is retrofitting existing coal and natural gas plants with fusion boilers, requiring minimal permitting, grid work, or power line installation compared to new builds.

“The fastest way to deploy fusion and I believe one of my forecasts is we will replace every coal and natural gas plant in this country by just repowering the boiler. So we'll have a fusion boiler. Love that vision. By the way, you know the environmentalists who say well we need to shut down all the coal plants. I think we will repower them with fusion boilers and maybe a turbine change and steam conditions. There's lots of technical details, but you don't need 10 years of permitting, 10 years of getting a grid connection, power lines, all that stuff. You just retrofit the same locations.”

A billion bipedal robots will perform more total work than all manual labor done by 7 billion humans today, working 24/7 without breaks, dramatically increasing global labor capacity.

“these robots will do more work than all of the manual labor humanity does across 7 billion people today, right? And and there may be many more than a billion. And they'll be working 24/7, not 8 hours with breaks.”

For any professional category where the US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports more than 100,000 workers, venture capital should invest in AI replacement technologies across sectors like oncology, structural engineering, accounting, teaching, and medicine.

“any place the US Bureau of Labor Sts there's more than 100,000 workers in a category we should be investing in all these categories. uh so what will its impact be at the level you know you have to talk about time frames the next five years”

Driverless cars without transit infrastructure create increased congestion (as Uber did), so the optimal use case is driverless public transit with personal vehicles, not private autonomous vehicles.

“First, let me start by what it shouldn't be and what the right role for self-driving cars are. If when we added Uber to cities, what happened? Congestion increase. Simulate driverless cars and they'll increase even more. So, we'll have gridlock for the but people won't be driving, which is, you know, driverless cars are cool.”

Street width is the single capacity constraint in cities; autonomous transit can increase street throughput 10x by routing in bicycle lane widths, effectively creating 10 additional streets per existing street without demolishing buildings.

“Here's the fundamental thing. What is the one thing if you ask basic question that's limited in cities? It's street widths. Only one thing limited. Everything else you can change. And so if you can increase the throughput of city uh streets because you're not going to destroy the buildings on both sides of a street, you you got solved congestion. Turns out with a self-driving system like this, if you model it, it can 10x the capacity of of a light of a street by building more capacity than light rail in a bicycle lane width.”

AI agents will filter out manipulative advertising, transforming advertising from emotional manipulation toward buying unwanted items to informational advertising about products people actually want.

“the one thing that's clear is the level of unpredictability in all this, including what I say. Okay? Like, the only thing we know about the future is we'll probably be wrong... But what is advertising? It's information uh to emotionally induce us into buying $300 pair of jeans when $30 Levis will do just fine. That's a filter the AI can apply.”

Optimal autonomous transit design: personal driverless vehicles appearing on-demand without advance scheduling, departing immediately and dropping passengers at destinations without intermediate stops, creating faster, always-available transit than scheduled public systems.

“Driverless public transit, that is personal vehicles. Should you get off your restaurant job at 1:00 a.m. A car shows up for you. don't need to know when when on the schedule. Why? Because there's no driver. So, your cost is zero to have a car available when you show up, not when the public transit is scheduled. It gets to where you're going independent time of day, traffic lights, doesn't stop anywhere, gets to your destination, and drops you off.”

AI tools enable asking questions from completely different perspectives (e.g., 'How would Steve Jobs answer this?'), breaking organizational cognitive limitations imposed by the knowledge and opinions of internal teams

“the ability to ask it to look at something from a completely different perspective. Right. My favorite is like how would Steve Jobs answer this question? Yeah. uh and we are so limited inside our organization by the knowledge and the opinions that we have in our team that why would you limit yourself in that way?”

Humans are inherently incremental in thinking, building on what others have done rather than thinking outside the box, whereas AI can generate non-incremental solutions like the Row 37 example

“centuries of humans hadn't come up with the row 37 example because we look incrementally about upon what others have done not think outside the box. So that's a real massive accelerator for humanity”

Geothermal wells that operate at 400-450 degrees (vs current 200-250 degrees) produce 10 times the power output, making super-hot geothermal cheaper than natural gas

“if it's at 200 degrees or 250 degrees which is almost all geothermal anywhere in the world today uh produces certain amount of power. But you take that drilled to 400 degrees or 450 degrees, you get 10 times the power out of the same well, suddenly super hot geothermal as it's called is cheaper than natural gas.”

The future of programming is both: no more programmers (via Cognition's inference-only model) and everyone's a programmer (via Replit's natural language interface), serving different use cases

“Um, both. So, we investors to be fair in cognition. That doesn't give you a co-pilot like Microsoft does for a programmer. It does the programming for you. And their model is very much what I explained earlier. They'll give you a software intern who can program an intern programmer today and they'll grow up in seniority and experience over time. At the other end, we investors in replet where company replet.”

By 2030, fusion will not be a question of possibility but at most a question of cost, establishing it as an economically viable energy source

“almost certainly this won't be a question in 5 years. So my current perspective is everything we can make happen by 2030. By 2030 nobody will be debating whether fusion's a economic possibility. There may be some question of exactly how much it costs.”

Health is a new form of wealth, and Kosla doubled down on his personal health by making three investments: annual Fountain Upload diagnostics, Viome microbiome testing with metatranscriptomics, and OneSkin's peptide anti-senescence product

“I made a decision to double down on my health. And I've done that in three key areas. The first is going every year for a fountain upload. ... Fountain is one of the most advanced diagnostics and therapeutics companies. I go there, upload myself, digitize myself about 200 gigabytes of data that the AI system is able to look at to catch disease at inception.”

Commonwealth Fusion expects to demonstrate net energy output (positive energy gain) by early 2027 and shortly thereafter will begin construction of their first commercial plant at an announced site.

“you know without going into details they expect to demonstrate positive energy net energy output net energy output by early 2027 and start soon thereafter the construction of their first plant and they've announced a site for it.”

Two major challenges in super-hot geothermal are: (1) drilling at high temperatures causes metal to soften, reducing hardness needed for hard rock drilling, and (2) some hard rocks are difficult to frack; both technologies are 'well on their way' and will surprise in deployment speed.

“We have two different efforts. The hard part is drilling at high temperatures because metal becomes soft and metal can't drill in hard rock and sometimes hard rock is hard to frack. Both those technologies are well on their way and will surprise us in how much power they can generate.”

In 2012, Kosla predicted that doctors would play a minor role in healthcare and teachers would be displaced by AI, and this prediction has since been validated by the Chinese government's adoption of AI tutors.

“It was 2012. I wrote a blog or two blogs. The first one was called do we need doctors? Just to be a little conversational. And now it's clear they will play a minor role in healthcare. They will care play a role in certain levels of human connection. That'll be important. And the my second blog was do we need teachers? And and frankly, I just saw a piece out of uh Beijing today about why the Chinese government is going to adapt AI tutors for kids.”

In the past, users of computers had to learn computers and adapt to predetermined interfaces (SAP, Oracle, Workday); in the future, computers will learn humans and humans won't have to adapt to how programs work.

“in the past users of computers have had to learn computers. You get trained on SAP or Oracle or Workday or your favorite application. I think in the future instead of humans learning computers, computers will learn humans and humans won't have to adapt to how our program works. the notion of a menu will go away.”

AI expertise (tutors, doctors, engineers, accountants, oncologists) will become effectively free with 24/7 AI-based professionals, fundamentally restructuring healthcare and education industries.

“expertise will be free with AI based tutors and doctors 247. And so for the abundance members here that are running healthcare education companies, what's going to be the impact on them?”

A PhD in viral immunology using Deep Research for a developmental biology model produced an 18-page report with the same disease indications as an AI system independently, demonstrating AI research capability parity with human expertise.

“My chief of staff is a PhD in viral immunology and we were researching a particular application like a developmental model uh a model for developmental biology a fundamental uh uh foundation model for developmental biology. She did an 18page report for me, including recommending what indications to go into. After she'd finished, I said, 'Just enter into deep research and give it some time to think.' Coincidentally, it came back with an 18page report and the same two end disease indications to go after. Now, that's mindblowing.”

An OpenAI CFO helped a retailer use Deep Research for a product strategy review, which the retailer CEO said was superior to the months-long work by his internal strategy team.

“I was talking to the CFO of OpenAI and she was talking to a retailer. You've been you've been a big uh investor supporter of OpenAI. Yeah, we committed in 2018... But my my point is this retailer CEO was talking to her and he said he had just finished a large strategy review on what products to add to their retail operation. U she while on the call summoned deep research. It came back with a report she gave to him almost instantly. tens of minutes and he said uh you know to be honest this was a better report than my strategy team produced over the last however many months.”

AI-human partnerships or AI alone will likely generate most future Nobel Prize-winning discoveries, though human recognition of AI achievement as legitimate may lag behind actual capability.

“Do you believe that most Nobel prizes in the future will get uh basically be derived from AI human partnerships or AI alone? Uh possibly AI alone. Yeah. Uh I think that will happen. Now whether us humans will allow recognize it as such recognize AI as winning capable of winning a Nobel Prize that's a human limitation.”

Within 5 years (by ~2030), fusion energy will be unambiguously economically viable and nobody will debate whether it's possible, though questions about exact cost may remain.

“Almost certainly this won't be a question in 5 years. So my current perspective is everything we can make happen by 2030. By 2030 nobody will be debating whether fusion's a economic possibility. There may be some question of exactly how much it costs.”

Super-hot geothermal (at 400-450 degrees Celsius) produces approximately 10 times more power than conventional geothermal (200-250 degrees), making it cheaper than natural gas and deployable before 2030.

“Turns out the same well if it's at 200 degrees or 250 degrees which is almost all geothermal anywhere in the world today uh produces certain amount of power. But you take that drilled to 400 degrees or 450 degrees, you get 10 times the power out of the same well, suddenly super hot geothermal as it's called is cheaper than natural gas.”

Democratized programming through natural language will free enterprise employees from IT and security review bottlenecks, enabling them to write their own applications without going through IT departments.

“as well as you know if there's uh an employee in a large enterprise and this is starting to happen every employee can write their own applications without going to IT so any of you who worked in large companies and need to go through IT and security reviews and all that other stuff know how freeing it is if you don't have to deal with it at all you can just program your apps on in English language.”

OpenAI's Deep Research at $200/month is of comparable or greater value to specialized professional consultants, as evidenced by a PhD-level developmental biology report that matched human expert analysis and recommendations

“My chief of staff is a PhD in viral immunology and we were researching a particular application like a developmental model uh a model for developmental biology a fundamental uh uh foundation model for developmental biology. She did an 18page report for me, including recommending what indications to go into. After she'd finished, I said, "Just enter into deep research and give it some time to think." Coincidentally, it came back with an 18page report and the same two end disease indications to go after. Now, that's mindblowing.”

Deep Research produced a retail strategy report in tens of minutes that exceeded the output of a retailer's internal strategy team over several months

“a retailer CEO was talking to her and he said he had just finished a large strategy review on what products to add to their retail operation. U she while on the call summoned deep research. It came back with a report she gave to him almost instantly. tens of minutes and he said uh you know to be honest this was a better report than my strategy team produced over the last however many months.”

Bipedal robots or equivalent form factors will be a larger business than the auto industry within 20 years, and the auto industry doesn't recognize this opportunity despite it being their biggest potential market.

“this business of bipeedal robots or some equivalent like that in various form factors and configurations will be larger than the auto industry within 20 years and the auto industry doesn't know it”

Capacity increase is a better solution than congestion charges (like New York's 14th Street restrictions); rather than restricting access, expand capacity to solve the problem.

“This is a far better solution than congestion charges and you know New York has 14th street you can't have public private cars on or constraints isn't the right way to go. Getting 10x more capacity is the right way to go”

Palm Pilot demonstrated the principle that computers eventually become smart enough to adapt to humans rather than requiring humans to adapt to them

“I remember uh early on the Palm Pilot uh had us adapting to it to have a the proper language and then finally the computer got smart enough to adapt to us.”

The future of advertising will shift from emotional inducement to buy unnecessary items (e.g., $300 jeans instead of $30 Levis) toward informational advertising, which was advertising's original purpose, because AI agents acting for consumers will filter out non-functional persuasion

“What is advertising? It's information uh to emotionally induce us into buying $300 pair of jeans when $30 Levis will do just fine. That's a filter the AI can apply. So the nature of advertising I suspect will change to more informational which is the original purpose of advertising.”

Mineral and metal scarcity is artificial—we only mine surface-accessible deposits because they're convenient, but looking 1km under Earth's surface will reveal abundant mineral reserves.

“Turns out it's a constraint because we are not looking or not looking with the right tools. So, we have a separate effort to look under the earth's surface for minerals and metals. Uh we only mine stuff that's on the surface mostly. The most convenient stuff you run into. Yes. Yeah. Accidentally run into. And if we can look a kilometer under the Earth's surface, we'll have plenty of abundance of minerals, metals, cobalts, lithium, whatever you're looking for.”

The transition point has arrived where most professionals are not using AI tools to a fraction of their potential, and AI should be open in every board meeting and executive meeting as a peer contributor.

“So we are at a transition point and I think that's one of the things I I tell people you know you're not using this technology even a fraction of your potential right is it open in every board meeting is it open every every executive meeting are you giving it the same challenges you're giving your team”

In 2018, simultaneously with OpenAI investment, Kosla made two other major investments: Commonwealth Fusion (nuclear fusion) and AI-enabled public transit, neither orchestrated together, but both addressing the energy and infrastructure implications of AGI.

“So let's talk about energy. Uh coincidentally uh the year we committed to OpenAI which was 2018 we made two other investments I'm very proud of. One was Commonwealth Fusion. Yes. happened to be the same time they weren't orchestrated. I didn't connect AI will need more power. So I wasn't that visionary.”

Ventures in every job category where the US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports 100,000+ workers should have AI-based solutions developed, as these represent large opportunity markets

“almost certainly no matter what expertise you're talking about uh AI doctors, AI teachers, AI oncologists, AI structural engineers, AI accountants and by the way we investing in all these any place the US Bureau of Labor Sts there's more than 100,000 workers in a category we should be investing in all these categories.”

Fountain Upload uses AI to analyze approximately 200 gigabytes of digitized personal health data to catch cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and metabolic disease at inception, enabling prevention

“Fountain is one of the most advanced diagnostics and therapeutics companies. I go there, upload myself, digitize myself about 200 gigabytes of data that the AI system is able to look at to catch disease at inception. you know, look for any cardiovascular, any cancer, any neurogenerative disease, any metabolic disease. These things are all going on all the time and you can prevent them if you can find them at inception.”

Viome's metatranscriptomics technology enables understanding which bacteria produce which proteins in the body, allowing identification of superfoods and foods to avoid for individual biology

“Viome uh has a technology called metatranscrytoics. was actually developed uh in New Mexico, the same place where the nuclear bomb was developed as a biodefense weapon. And their technology is able to help you understand what's going on in your body to understand which bacteria are producing which proteins and as a consequence of that, what foods are your superfoods that are best for you to eat or what foods should you avoid”

Commonwealth Fusion Systems expects to demonstrate positive net energy output by early 2027 and will construct their first plant thereafter

“you know without going into details they expect to demonstrate positive energy net energy output net energy output by early 2027 and start soon thereafter the construction of their first plant and they've announced a site for it.”

Kosla committed to OpenAI in 2018 with the largest venture investment he had ever made (by a factor of two larger than his previous largest investment in 40 years of venture capital)

“We committed in 2018. Yeah. And you have to believe in things. And I believed in it enough to make the largest initial investment I'd ever made by a factor of two. In 40 years of venture capital, I'd never even made an investment half the size because I was a believer.”

Enhanced Geothermal Systems will be deployed before 2030 once two technical challenges are solved: (1) drilling in high-temperature environments where metal becomes soft and cannot cut hard rock, and (2) high-temperature rock fracking, both of which are well-advanced.

“And I think that'll be deployed well before 2030. We have two different efforts. The hard part is drilling at high temperatures because metal becomes soft and metal can't drill in hard rock and sometimes hard rock is hard to frack. Both those technologies are well on their way and will surprise us in how much power they can generate.”

There is no chance that chauffered cars (robotaxis) will be more convenient than public driverless transit, making transit-based transportation superior.

“There is no chance if you have a chauffeured car it'll be more convenient than public transit. That's the world we're going towards.”

Most cars in most cities will be replaced by driverless public transit by 2050.

“I suspect most cars in most cities will be replaced by 2050.”